Some examples (previously posted on blogspot.com)
Aldehyde increase in shortbread cookies
https://danharring54.blogspot.com/2023/10/chemical-changes-observed-in-spoiled-or_8.html
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Aldehyde increase in whole grain crackers
https://danharring54.blogspot.com/2023/10/chemical-changes-observed-in-spoiled-or.html
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Butyric acid production in a beverage due to microbial growth
https://danharring54.blogspot.com/2023/09/chemical-changes-observed-in-spoiled-or.html
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Paint thinner odor from Coconut ingredient with mold growth – ketones
https://danharring54.blogspot.com/2023/12/paint-thinner-odor-from-coconut.html
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Solvent odors that are naturally occurring defects (nd not from direct contamination with various solvents):
Certain fermentation products, especially esters – ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol
Terpenes – the monoterpenes can oxidize (or reduce) to turpentine-smelling molecules, e.g p-cymene. Two year old cans of orange juice are a well-known example.
Sorbic acid breakdown by resistant molds, a small carboxylic acid with 6 carbons and 2 double bonds is decarboxylated to pentadiene, a highly volatile hydrocarbon
MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) and others from mold growth. It has a paint thinner odor or blue cheese odor.
Oxidation of fats/oils can end up with a varnish odor
Coconut oil can hydrolyze to soapy, free lauric acid flavor
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